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Avtizem pri psih: Ima tudi pes lahko ADHD?

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V zadnjih letih se vse več govori o nevrodivergentnosti med ljudmi, hkrati pa se pojavlja vprašanje, ali bi lahko podobne razlike v delovanju možganov obstajale tudi pri živalih.

Lastniki psov pogosto opisujejo svoje živali kot »hiperaktivne« ali »impulzivne«, a raziskovalci so šele pred kratkim začeli sistematično preučevati, ali imajo lahko tudi živali oblike vedenj, ki spominjajo na avtizem ali ADHD.

Nevrodivergentnot temeji na bioloških razlikah v strukturi in kemiji možganov, ki sta različni od nevrotipičnih. Pr živalih diagnosticiranje ni preprosto, saj nam ne morejo neposredno povedati, kako doživljajo svet. Zato lahko vedenje razlagamo le prek človeške perspektive, kar pa je lahko zavajajoče – impulzivnost pri nekaterih pasmah psov je lahko povsem običajna.

Kljub temu raziskave pri psih, miših, podganah in opicah kažejo genetske in vedenjske vzorce, ki se prekrivajo z nevrodivergenco pri ljudeh. Nekateri psi imajo na primer mutacijo gena Shank3, ki je pri ljudeh povezan z avtizmom. Beagli z mutacijo kažejo manj zanimanja za druženje z ljudmi, imajo slabšo komunikacijo med možganskimi celicami in šibkejšo t. i. nevronsko ujemanje, ki se običajno pojavi med tesno socialno interakcijo.

Pse z ADHD bi morali šolati z upoštevanjem njihovih posebnih potreb

Vedenjske posebnosti pa niso vedno genetske. Mladiči, ki so imeli malo dobrih izkušenj z ljudmi, lahko kasneje postanejo manj socialni, zato je pri živalih, tako kot pri ljudeh, pogosto preplet bioloških in okoljskih dejavnikov.

Ker skoraj vsak pes v življenju pokaže vsaj eno vedenjsko težavo, bi lahko boljše razumevanje nevrodiverzitete pripomoglo k bolj prijaznemu in prilagojenemu ravnanju z živalmi. Tako kot nevrodivergentni ljudje potrebujejo individualizirano podporo, bi lahko tudi naši ljubljenčki imeli koristi od okolja in treninga, ki upoštevata njihove posebne potrebe.

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